Port Blair, July 27: World Hepatitis Day observed on July 28th every year is a global health awareness day dedicated to raising awareness about Hepatitis and promoting efforts to eliminate the disease. Hepatitis is a group of viral infections that cause inflammation of the liver. The primary types include Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E each with distinct transmission routes and health impacts. World Hepatitis Day aims to bring attention to the global hepatitis epidemic, which affects millions of people worldwide. About 350 million are suffering from chronic Hepatitis B infection worldwide and 60-70% of liver cancer is attributed to the Hepatitis B virus. Despite being a preventable and treatable disease, Hepatitis remains a major public health challenge. Hepatitis-related illness claims one life every 30 seconds and needs immediate attention.
Hepatitis can manifest in both acute and chronic forms. Acute Hepatitis may present with symptoms like jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, pale stools, abdominal pain and flu-like symptoms. Chronic Hepatitis, which develops over time, may initially be asymptomatic but can lead to severe complications such as liver cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. Tattoos on body has become a popular form of self-expression and art, however, getting a tattoo involves certain risks, including the potential transmission of infectious diseases such as Hepatitis.
Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to detect the presence of viral antigens, antibodies, or viral RNA. Imaging tests like ultrasound or liver biopsy might be used to assess liver damage.
Hepatitis A is usually self-limiting and supportive care is generally sufficient. For Hepatitis B, antiviral medications can manage chronic infections and regular monitoring is necessary. In Hepatitis C, modern antiviral medications can cure many cases, often with a high success rate. Whereas, Hepatitis D is managed by treating with antiviral medications and Hepatitis E generally resolves on its own, but severe cases may require supportive care.
Preventing Hepatitis involves a combination of vaccination, safe practices, and good hygiene. Vaccination is available for Hepatitis A and B and is highly effective. For hepatitis C, preventive measures include avoiding high-risk behaviours and ensuring blood products are screened. Government of India is providing free vaccination for Hepatitis B to the infant after at the time of birth.
Public health initiatives focus on improving education about Hepatitis, increasing access early diagnosis treatment, and supporting efforts to reduce the stigma associated with the disease.
Hepatitis remains a significant global health challenge, but understanding its various forms, symptoms, and preventive measures can greatly reduce its impact. By promoting vaccination, safe practices, and early treatment, we can work towards controlling and eventually eliminating the threat posed by hepatitis.